Champagne
By: Desiree Mellon

About

Champagne is a carbonated sparkling wine beverage that is usually used for special occasions.  True Champagne is made in the Champagne region of France and its bubbles are made through an in-bottle secondary fermentation, a process called "méthode Champenoise".  
The amount of sugar (dosage) added after the second fermentation and aging varies and will dictate the sweetness level of the Champagne.
    * Brut Natural or Brut Zéro (less than 3 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Extra Brut (less than 6 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Brut (less than 15 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Extra Sec or Extra Dry (12 to 20 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Sec (17 to 35 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Demi-Sec (33 to 50 grams of sugar per liter)
    * Doux (more than 50 grams of sugar per liter)
The outside of the cork is protected by a cage. There are exactly six and a half twists that secure the cage around the cork.

Information
Translations: Šampanietis, Šampanas, Şampanie, Rượu sâm banh, Szampan, शैम्पेन, Champanhe, Шампанское, Σαμπάνια, شامبانيا, 샴페인, Šampaňské, Sampanye, 香槟酒, Champán, Šampanské, שמפניה, Шампањац, シャンパーニュ, Champagner, Xampany, Шампанське, Samppanja, Шампанско


Physical Description
Soft bubbly liquid that contains alcohol due to the fact that it comes from wine family.
Colors: Light yellow to goldent yellow


Tasting Notes
Flavors: sweet
Mouthfeel: Bubbly
Food complements: Meat, Fish
Substitutes: Sparkling wine


Selecting and Buying
Choosing: Know what you're buying. "Champagne" isn't synonymous with "bubbly white wine." In the strictest sense, capital-C "Champagne" should only be used to refer to sparkling wines originating in the Champagne region of France, but the U.S. allows some kinds of champagne (notice the lower-case "c") to be produced in California. In any event, the recipe for Champagne is much more subtle than injecting bubbles into white wine.
Set a budget. Despite what you have seen on TV, not everyone takes out a second mortgage to afford the finest bottle of Champagne on the market. If you're hosting a black tie soiree in your penthouse apartment, spending a few hundred bucks per bottle is reasonable. If you're hooking up with your pals in a convenience store parking lot to watch fireworks, any three buck champagne should do just fine.
Don't skimp on the amount of bubbly you buy. When figuring out what kind of bubbly to buy, take into account how many people you're likely to be serving. If you're having 50 folks over to your place on New Year's Eve, one high-end bottle will send most of them home grumbling. You should have at least enough Champagne on hand for one good-sized glass and one refill, per guest. As a rough rule, each bottle of Champagne is enough for about 10 hearty toasts.
Don't be intimidated. You know with whom you'll be ringing in the New Year, so you know if they're a) the type of people who will look at you crosswise for bringing a 1985 vintage capital-C Champagne when 1987 is all the rage or b) couldn't tell a genuine Champagne from a California champagne from a sweetened wine cooler. Don't be cowed into spending more than you can afford, and remember, it's New Year's Eve-the next morning, most folks are unlikely to remember who brought what.

Buying: Basically, you can buy 'common' or 'ordinary' champagne on your local supermarket or wine shop. But if you are interested in keeping  'rare' champagnes, visit some international champagne conference. 


Preparation and Use
Champagnes are used as another alcoholic beverage, but in some country, people shot a glass of champagne before taking breakfast believing that champagne help break down the nutrients and absorption of food that they take for the whole day.


Conserving and Storing
How to store unopened Champagne:
    * Your cellar is the best place, especially if its cool and damp downstairs.
    * Champagne can be best stored a dark and damp place where the temperature is between 50-55° F.
    * Remember, a slight fluctuation in the temperature is fine, however, any extreme change, be it on higher or lower side, can completely spoil this sumptuous sparkling wine.
    * Older the wine, better the taste – well, not anymore. This has proven to be a myth, especially, when it comes to champagne. Thanks to wine experts who have worked on developing such marvelous taste of the sparkling wine, believe it that storing champagne won’t make it any better. And, that stands true for all the wines. However, the champagne usually enjoys a shelf-life of 3-4 years.
    * Champagne should not be refrigerated for more than 2-3 days before being opened to serve.
    * In case some bottles are left unopened after the occasion, keep them back in the cellar.
How to store left-over Champagne:
More than opening a champagne bottle, trying to put it back in the bottle is even more tedious. yes, I am hinting at storing the left-over champagne. You can coral the bubbles, provide you follow the tips below carefully:
    * First and foremost is to get a pressure-withstanding cap, specially available for champagne bottle.
    * Second is as simple as placing a metal spoon at the neck of the bottle to keep the fizz intact.
    * Third is little more complicated, unless you know how to pump-out oxygen and pump-in carbon dioxide.
    * Last but not the least is the time tested method. Simply leave the opened bottle in upright position in your refrigerator.
In general, all Champagnes improve with aging. This is especially true with vintage Champagnes. Age Champagne for a few years as long as you have a good place to store it. You shouldn't keep it in the fridge; a wine refrigerator set somewhere in the 50's (F) is ideal. If you don't have a wine refrigerator, next best is a dark, cool closet (light is bad for Champagne and wine in general. The place should be fairly humid because the cork can dry out if it's not humid (which is true for all corked wine). And it should be a place that's free from vibrations such as washing machine, doors opening and closing, etc. If you want to store Champagne, you really need to have these conditions, otherwise there's no sense in storing. 


Social/Political
There are many sparkling wines produced worldwide, yet most legal structures reserve the term "champagne" exclusively for sparkling wines from the Champagne region, made in accordance with Comité Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne regulations. In the European Union and many other countries, the name Champagne is legally protected by the Treaty of Madrid (1891) designating only the sparkling wine produced in the eponymous region and adhering to the standards defined for it as an Appellation d'origine contrôlée; the right was reaffirmed in the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. This legal protection has been accepted by numerous other countries worldwide. Most recently Canada, Australia, and Chile signed agreements with Europe that will limit the use of the term "champagne" to only those products produced in the Champagne region. The United States acknowledges the exclusive nature of the "champagne" term and bans the use from all new US produced wines. Only those that had approval to use the term on labels before 2006 may continue to use it and only when it is accompanied by the wine's actual origin (e.g. California).
History: French monks were the first to bottle a sparkling form of wine called Champagne, named after the Champagne region of France.
The method of making "mousse" (another name for bubbles) in a bottle was invented by the efforts of Frère Jean Oudart (1654 – 1742) and Dom Pierre Pérignon (1639 – 1715), Benedictine monks and cellarmasters at the respective abbeys of Saint-Pierre aux Monts de Châlons and Saint-Pierre d’Hautvillers.