August 13, 2009
Fashioned to look like a pair of arms crossed over a chest, the pretzel has long been a staple in the Central European household. The tasty treat was first introduced ...
Mushrooms are often called "the fruit of the fungi world." Mushrooms are generally characterized as having a stem, a cap and gills. They come in a myriad of sizes, colors and shapes. There are many varieties commonly used in cuisine and cultivated in the wild. Mushrooms typically used in cooking include: white mushrooms, shiitake, portobello, truffle, chanterelle, and boletus.
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A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus'', hence the word mushroom is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (''stipe''), a cap (''pileus''), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap, just as do store-bought white mushrooms. The word "mushroom" can also be used for a wide variety of gilled fungi, with or without stems, and the term is used even more generally, to describe both the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota and the woody or leathery fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota, depending upon the context of the word. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as "puffball", "stinkhorn", and "morel", and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called "agarics" in reference to their similarity to ''Agaricus'' or their placement in the order ''Agaricales''. By extension, the term "mushroom" can also designate the entire fungus when in culture or the thallus (called a mycelium) of species forming the fruiting bodies called mushrooms, or the species itself.